Research Abstracts

Canesis Network Limited, in conjunction with Keratec Limited, has developed a patented process for the chemical extraction of soluble keratin proteins from wool. This extraction process results in the generation of several proteinrich streams, including a dilute aqueous based peptide stream. This pe

Microwave and conventional methods have been used to extract pectin from orange peels, with different extraction periods, different solvent pHs and different types of solvent systems. For microwave extraction, the greatest total amount of pectin yield was found to be 5.27% on a dry basis for 15 min

The separation of ice from ice slurries is the final step in the process of freeze concentration, where wash column can be employed. Phenomena found in washing an ice bed, such as channeling, viscous fingering, clogging, liquid entrainment, and permeability were studied in an experimental wash colum

Recurring droughts throughout the last decades have revealed that water supply is often insufficiently balanced to the demand and thus vulnerable to extreme climatic events and structural or seasonal demand peaks. In the context of a more sustainable water management, water reclamation and reuse app

The Intermunicipal Water Company of the Veurne region (IWVA) reuses wastewater effluent for groundwater recharge of an unconfined dune aquifer since July 2002. The ‘Torreele’ reuse plant has a production capacity of 2,500,000 m3/y. Due to the sensitive environmental nature of the dune area, the qual

Constructed wetlands have been increasingly used throughout the world for secondary and especially for tertiary treatment of wastewater and stormwater. If well designed and maintained, their effluents can meet the high standards required for reclaiming the water. One can also partially reclaim nutri

The future of southern Italian regions lays mainly on conservation and recovery of their peculiar environment (i.e., pleasant climate, beautiful nature and historic heritage). Presently, most of such regions have to face major problems related to water shortage for agriculture and, in some cases, ev

WHO published in 1989 the first Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater and Excreta in Agriculture and Aquaculture that were widely used. Since that time, more experience has been gained and more evidence is produced. The new WHO guidelines on water reuse in agriculture, recently published, provid

Whilst the argument for extending the constituency of consultees on water management is now widely accepted, further understanding is required of how the process of participatory planning and management can best be structured and facilitated. The research reported here addresses an important feature

Scientists working closely on issues of water reuse are far from having solved all concerns related to the practice. From the very beginning of a water reuse project, scenarios must be prepared from the ‘zero scenario’ (no reuse) through to more complex and expensive ones (e.g. reverse osmosis for p