Research Abstracts

A semi-empirical crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) model that can predict permeate flux as a function of time for different operating conditions was considered. Model predictions were analysed and compared with the experimental results obtained in a crossflow UF plant under different operating conditio

The efficiency of removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions was investigated by means of ultrafiltration enhanced with chitosan. The different experimental parameters such as initial concentration of metal ions, background electrolytes, pH solutions, ultrafiltration membranes of different molecu

In the case of the most troubling saline waters with CaSO4 content close to saturation level, electrodialysis reversal (EDR) was found to be serviceable as a desalination method since its laboratory and commercial applications report stable long-term operation at high CaSO4 concentrate supersaturati

A process for purifying wastewaters containing heavy and toxic metals such as cadmium and zinc by the complexation–filtration process was studied. From previous research, diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE23) was selected as the complexing agent. The experiments were carried out in a Millipore ultraf

The membrane technique of nanofiltration (NF) was used to carry out partial demineralization of whey and milk ultrafiltration permeate (MUP). The experiments were carried out in a completely automated NF pilot plant. An aromatic polyamide spiral-wound membrane supplied by Osmonics (USA) was selected

Poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) was sulfonated with fuming sulfuric acid to different degrees. The products were ground and sieved (mesh size 50 µm) to obtain small particles. The particles and linear polyethylene were mixed in various ratios and the resulting blends were press-molded at 150EC to obtain

Ni2+ transport in zirconium hydrophosphate containing 85% water was investigated with the electromigration method. An effective diffusion coefficient of Ni2+ was found to reach 1.14×10!11 m2 s!1. It was shown that zirconium hydrophosphate can be used for discontinuous Ni2+ removal from diluted solut

Donnan dialysis with an anion-exchange membrane is proposed as a pretreatment step in a water desalination system. The process replaces anions that cause the precipitation of sediments with neutral chloride anions. Water after Donnan dialysis mainly contains soluble chloride salts that should cause

During most water treatment processes, spent filter backwash water (SFBW) is generated. Reuse of SFBW is of concern because of the possible recycling of heavy metals, precursors for disinfection by-products and microorganisms. Innovations in membrane technology, especially in micro- and ultrafiltrat

Poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) membranes with sulfonic groups were prepared by two methods: plasma-initiated surface grafting of sodium styrenesulfonate or chemical sulfonation (with chlorosulfonic acid) of PPO, followed by membrane preparation from the modified material. The presence of ionic groups g