Research Abstracts

We present an analysis of energy and exergy utilization in the utility sector of Saudi Arabia by considering the sectoral energy and exergy flows for the years 1990–2001. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted for its two subsectors, namely power-only plants and power/distillation plants, and hen

Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a concern in many parts of the world. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency recently reduced the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 µg/L (ppb). In Bangladesh the arsenic concentration in drinking water c

Water from Lake Butoniga near the town of Buzet, Croatia, was used as a source for drinking water production. Since lake water has a high concentration of trihalomethane precursors, a treatment was necessary. A process including ozonation, flocculation and filtration was chosen on the basis of preli

An experimental system was developed to assess and rank the performance of commercial antiscalants designed to inhibit mineral scale formation on reverse osmosis membrane surfaces. The study focused on calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) precipitation to illustrate an approach to antiscalant ranking

Electroplating method was employed to recover copper and surfactant simultaneously from synthetic solutions prepared to simulate concentrated waste stream generated from micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration. Effects of surfactant and copper (II) concentrations, surfactant to copper (II) molar ratio (S/

The paper, “Heat pumps as a source of heat energy for desalination of seawater”, was published in Desalination [Vol. 139, 2001]. In the paper, heat pumps using agent R12 or water and vapor were introduced to be used as a source of heat energy for desalination. The cyclic processes of heat pump were

Condensation of steam and steam from non-condensable gases were investigated experimentally inside a vertical tube. The consistency and reliability of the measurements were checked by detailed energy balance. The experimental results show the effect of non-condensable gases on heat and mass transfer

A numerical study has been carried out to investigate the transient thermal performance of a naturally circulated humidifying/dehumidifiying solar still. A comparison of forced circulation performance and the influence of different environmental, design, and operational parameters on the still produ

Solar distillation is one of the important methods of utilizing the solar energy for the supply of potable water to small communities where the natural supply of fresh water is inadequate or of poor quality, and where sunshine is abundant. Solar energy utilization in two different types of solar sti

Rotating reverse osmosis (RO), which is based on Taylor-Couette flow, offers a means to minimize flux decline due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling. However, the operating conditions play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of the system. In this study, the effect of