Research Abstracts

Water in the South Mediterranean countries of the Arab region is inherently scarce as a result of naturally arid or semi-arid conditions. The population growth and economic development in the region have increased the demand for water which is expected to be doubled in the next 25 years. The increas

Horizontal-tube falling film condensers are used in many fields: chemical industries, refrigeration, desalination, cooling, etc. However, their performances cannot be predicted precisely due to the complexity of the phenomena. In this paper, heat and mass transfer in a horizontal-tube falling-film c

Water is an increasingly scarce resource and in many regions people are turning to new sources such as seawater and wastewater. Various membrane technology improvements in the last decade have led to a significant cost reduction in reverse osmosis (RO). This has triggered selection of seawater rever

This paper relates to an experimental investigation about the treatment processes of large quantities of used water from agricultural uses. It is collected after its natural mixing with domestic and industrial used waters, treated according to administrative laws, and drained by gravity into an open

In the seawater desalination field, the WHO requires that boron concentration in drinking water be below 0.5 mg/l, and this requirement has affected SWRO process design because of the difficulty in achieving such a low boron concentration. In order to overcome this problem, a new SWRO membrane eleme

Reverse osmosis (RO) has become increasingly attractive for brackish water desalination in the Gaza strip, due to its low energy requirements. This paper will focus on the technical and economic aspects of RO brackish water desalination plants in operation in Gaza. Moreover, contribution of the esti

By defining the combination of high pressure seawater feed pump and energy recovery system as the core hydraulic module of SWRO plants it becomes obvious that this subsystem mainly contributes to the specific water costs by its operational costs and has to be optimized by a complete approach. In the

A combined system has been devised with a liquid–liquid extraction–re-extraction reactor where the extraction compartment and the re-extraction compartment are put in contact with one another through the organic phase composed of an extractant and a diluent. We have applied this process to a system

The present work investigated the separation properties through monovalent-ion-permselective membranes (Neosepta CMX-S, ACS) in electrodialysis. An experimental study for desalting single electrolytes, binary and ternary mixtures, was carried out. Results showed that divalent-ion rejection takes pla

The successful development of a control system requires an appropriate definition of the control structure (i.e., selection of output, input and disturbance variables) and an efficient dynamical model on which the design, analysis and evaluation can be carried out. Thus, the confidence in the obtain