Membrane fouling

The state of water was studied by the method of differential scanning calorimetry in initial membranes and the membranes following their use in a water desalination process based on the baromembrane and electrodialysis methods. The analysis of data obtained makes it possible to determine the contrib

A hybrid process, consisting of ozonation and membrane filtration, followed by activated carbon filtration, was studied in pilot scale for drinking water production from river water. The main focus of this study centred on tests to determine the effect of ozone on the filtration and fouling behaviou

This paper briefly discusses the current industrial practice for assessing the scaling potential of sparingly soluble salts and suggests a more theoretical approach which is expected to provide more accurate results. This theoretical approach is based on the use of Gibbs free energies of reaction fo

2 2 Nanofiltration of saturated calcium sulfate solution of 0.02 mol/L calcium content, with CO3 !/SO4 ! molar ratio !3 !4 2 ranging from 0.0500 to 2.8×10 was carried out in 6.5×10 m active membrane area laboratory module at 1.2×106 Pa transmembrane pressure using the total retentate recycle mode. P

The proposed model is based on the hydration theory of dissolved chemical species in water. The molecular dehydration occurs when the solution system is subjected to critical water loss associated with re-displacement of ionic charges from attached water molecules towards the dissolved molecule. Thi

Ultrafiltration (UF) has been accepted as a versatile membrane separation process for water purification and wastewater treatment in recent years. In this paper the UF separation behaviour of oil-in-water emulsion used usually for metalworking fluids was studied. The effect was investigated of diffe

In this study, a mathematical model has been developed for the submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) combining the activated sludge model No.1 (ASM1) with a membrane fouling model. The ASM1 was modified to take account into biological characteristics of the SMBR process, and the resistance-in-series

The development of a non-destructive, real-time observation technique to detect and monitor fouling during liquid separation processes is of great importance to the development of strategies to improve operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) was used to measur

An ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) technique was used for the non-invasive, in situ visualization of particle deposition and its removal during crossflow microfiltration with a nylon membrane. The study was carried out with 0.5 g/l kaolin (average particle size 2 µm). Ultrasonic response

A membrane bioreactor used for denitrification of a synthetic substrate was studied in term of membrane fouling. For standard pH and temperature conditions, subcritical conditions were defined to ensure the process stability. The stepwise method was used to determine the critical flux for the deposi