Desalination

The present work summarizes the MED–TVC (multi effect desalination with thermal vapor compression) technique associated with the state of the art of modern desalination. In addition, a computer simulation model for all types of evaporation processes is presented. This program provides engineers with

Limits of water production from atmospheric water vapor are investigated for cases where fresh hot humid air is cooled over evaporator coils of refrigeration machines and then directed to open localized areas. This application may be considered as a source of limited amounts of potable water at a fr

This study proposes a new operation methodology for energy saving in the Fujairah seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, as the optimum feed pressure is determined at the controlled operating temperature. To this end, two functional models were developed by genetic programming (GP) using two-year op

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved solutes by an osmotic pressure gradient. Unlike reverse osmosis (RO), FO does not require high pressure for separation, allowing low energy consumption to produce water. Howeve

Although submerged microfiltration is widely used as a pretreatment process for surface water treatment and RO desalination, its high energy consumption is a major drawback compared to conventional pretreatment. Especially, aeration during filtration is an energy-intensive step in most submerged mem

In this paper the performance of single and dual media filters with in-line flocculation have been examined as pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). A comparison of filter performance was made between single medium filter (80 cm) consisting of sand or anthracite, and dual media filter con

The removal of particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from seawater by the use of biofiltration was investigated. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and anthracite were used as biofilter media at two different filtration velocities. Filtrate quality was measured in terms of silt density index

MF/UF has been recently applied as a pretreatment process due to its high removal efficiency of fouling matters in Reverse Osmosis (RO). This study evaluated the effect of coagulation on the performance of MF and UF for removal of particles with two kinds of membranes under various coagulant dose an

One of the key transport parameter—permeability, is being used as an intrinsic characteristic of membrane for reverse osmosis process prediction. In this study, the prediction of reverse osmosis process in terms of boron rejection was carried out in two steps. First, the permeability of boron existi

Hybrid processes combining fibre filter with deep bed filtration process such as (i) fibre filter and sand filter, (ii) fibre filter and anthracite and (iii) fibre filter and dual media filter were investigated as pre-treatments to SWRO. Seawater was drawn from Chowder Bay, Sydney. The effect of dif