Research Abstracts

Government policy, in the form of grants and contracts for desalination technology, has had a major impact on steadily declining costs of desalination. The process, reverse osmosis (RO), exhibits economies of scale, which increases its feasibility as a water treatment technology for large population

Dhekelia Desalination Plant in Cyprus has been in operation for 7 years. It includes eight 5,000 m3/d seawater reverse osmosis trains operating with Mediterranean seawater with a TDS content of 41,800 ppm, with water temperature ranging from 17°C to 32°C. The energy recovery system originally instal

The electronics industry generates large amounts of fluoride-containing effluents. The objective of this study is to study the feasibility of applying reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation to reduce fluoride load to less than 1 kg/d. The effect of transmembrane pressure on the removal of fluoride

Boron removal is a critical issue in the production of drinking water and of ultra-pure water in the electronics industry. Boron rejection in a RO process is typically in the range of 40–60%. The objective of this study was to distinguish the factor contributing to enhanced boron rejection in reclam

Electrodialysis (ED) was applied to concentrate brine solutions of various concentrations — similar to effluents from the desalination of brackish and industrial water — to about 20%. The consequent reduction in effluent volumes would facilitate a reduction in disposal costs. The energy requirement

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study a single stage solar desalination system to get a daily yield of 10 l of potable water. The experimental system consists of a flat plate collector, an evaporator, a single stage vacuum pump and a condenser. The input parameters such as solar irradianc

In dairy plants the process waters generated during the starting, equilibrating, interrupting and rinsing steps contribute to the production of effluents. They correspond to milk products (milk, whey, cream) diluted with water without chemicals. The treatment of these dairy process waters by nanofil

A technical and economic analysis concerning the integration of small reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants into mixed air steam turbine (MAST) technologies for power generation was carried out. The simulation tool used is the computer aid reverse osmosis calculations optimization algorithm. This

Simulations of three different types of solar stills were performed to compare their productivity using typical meteorological year data of a remote location (Marmul) in Oman. These are the regenerative, conventional, and still with double-glass-cover cooling. Several system parameters were also inv

It was previously suggested that liquid membrane oscillator systems might be used for the manufacture of taste sensors. The influence of substances responsible for taste belonging to bitterness, sweetness, sourness and saltiness on oscillation patterns of a liquid membrane oscillator with cationic s